Immunofluorscence  phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) Mouse

Get tips on using Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Kit to perform Acid phosphatase assay cell type - human periodontal ligament cells

Get tips on using Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) Novocastra to perform Acid phosphatase assay cell type - osteoclasts

Protein ladders are a set of standards known as molecular weight proteins that are utilized to identify the approximate size of a protein molecule run on a PAGE gel electrophoresis. The challenges in running the ladders are the choice of appropriate protein standard as it is used as visual evidence of protein migration, transfer efficiency, and positive control. Suitable protein markers can be selected on the basis of required properties and applications, i.e., fluorescent ladder, IEF, 2D SDS-PAGE ladder, natural ladder with an isoelectric point, and optimized ladders for Western Blot chemiluminescence detection. The key factors for running a distinct protein ladder are buffer conditions, charge/voltage at migration time, and the gel's concentration.

Get tips on using Western Blotting Protein Standards to perform Protein Ladder Immunofluorescence

Get tips on using Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack #7727 to perform Protein Ladder Immunofluorescence

Get tips on using Tau Protein Ladder, 6 isoforms human to perform Protein Ladder Immunofluorescence

Get tips on using WesternSure® Pre-stained Chemiluminescent Protein Ladder to perform Protein Ladder Immunofluorescence

Get tips on using Chameleon® Vue Pre-stained Protein Ladder to perform Protein Ladder Immunofluorescence

Get tips on using Odyssey® One-Color Protein Molecular Weight Marker to perform Protein Ladder Immunofluorescence

miRNA is the inherent gene silencing machinery which can have more than one mRNA target, whereas siRNA can be designed to target a particular mRNA target. By design, both siRNA and miRNA are 20-25 nucleotides in length. The target sequence for siRNAs is usually located within the open reading frame, between 50 and 100 nucleotides downstream of the start codon. There are two ways in which cells can be transfected with desired RNAi: 1. Direct transfection (with calcium phosphate co-precipitation or cationic lipid mediated transfection using lipofectamine or oligofectamine), and 2. Making RNAi lentiviral constructs (followed by transformation and transduction). Lentiviral constructs are time consuming, but provide a more permanent expression of RNAi in the cells, and consistent gene silencing. Direct transfection of oligonucleotides provides temporary genetic suppression. Traditional methods like calcium phosphate co-precipitation have challenges like low efficiency, poor reproducibility and cell toxicity. Whereas, cationic lipid-based transfection reagents are able to overcome these challenges, along with applicability to a large variety of eukaryotic cell lines. When using oligos, the ideal concentration lies between 10-50nM for effective transfection.