Immunohistochemistry Anti-mouse IgG Donkey

Get tips on using CD115 (c-fms) Monoclonal Antibody (AFS98), Biotin, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD115

Get tips on using CD115 (c-fms) Monoclonal Antibody (AFS98), APC, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD115

Get tips on using CD86 (B7-2) Monoclonal Antibody (GL1), APC, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD86

Get tips on using CD8a Monoclonal Antibody (53-6.7), eFluor 450, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD8a

Get tips on using CD11b Monoclonal Antibody (M1/70), eFluor 450, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD11b

Get tips on using CD45 Monoclonal Antibody (30-F11), PE-Cyanine7, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD45

Get tips on using NeuroCult™ Basal Medium (Mouse & Rat) to perform 3D Cell Culture Media Mouse embryonic neurospheres

Get tips on using siGENOME Mouse Amotl2 (56332) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MS1 AmotL2

Get tips on using siGENOME Mouse Pard3 (93742) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MS1 Pard3

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.