CRISPR Mouse Activation Neuro-2a

Get tips on using Gibco™Essential 8™ Medium to perform Stem cell Differentiation media hiPSC differentiation into Human Neuronal cells

Get tips on using X-tremeGENE™ HP DNA Transfection Reagent to perform DNA transfection Mammalian cells - Immortalized cell lines Neuro2a

Get tips on using BrainPhys™ Without Phenol Red to perform Stem cell Differentiation media Differentiation of Human iPSCs into Basal Forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN)

Get tips on using OxiSelect™ Intracellular ROS Assay Kit (Green Fluorescence) to perform ROS assay cell type - SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma

Get tips on using Blood & Cell Culture DNA Midi Kit (25) to perform DNA isolation / purification Cells - Immortalized cell lines Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

Get tips on using Gibco™ DMEM/F-12, GlutaMAX™ supplement to perform Stem cell Differentiation media iPSCs or hESCs differentiation into Neuronal cells

Get tips on using LIVE/DEAD™ Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit, for mammalian cells to perform Live / Dead assay mammalian cells - SH-SY5Y Human neuroblastoma

Get tips on using Gibco™ DMEM/F-12, GlutaMAX™ supplement to perform Stem cell Differentiation media iPSCs or hESCs differentiation into cerebellar neuroepithelium (NE)

Short hairpin or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) is artificial RNA, which has a hairpin loop structure, and uses inherent microRNA (miRNA) machinery to silence target gene expression. This is called RNA interference (RNAi). These can be delivered via plasmids or viral/bacterial vectors. Challenges in shRNA-mediated gene silencing include: 1. Off-target silencing, 2. Packaging shRNA encoding lentivirus, and 3. Stable transduction in cells. RNAi have been designed to have anywhere from 19-27 bs, but the most effective design has 19 bp. In case commercial shRNAs are not available, potential target sites can be chosen within exon, 5’- or 3’ UTR, depending on which splice variants of the gene are desired. One should use the latest algorithms and choose at least two different sequences, targeting different regions, in order to have confidence in overcoming off-target effects. A BLAST search after selecting potential design will eliminate potential off-target sequences. For the second challenge, sequencing the vector using primers for either strand (50-100 bp upstream) is suggested, along with using enzymatic digestion on agarose gel for the vector. Next, once the shRNA-containing vector is packaged in a virus, it is important to check the viral titer before transduction. Finally, using a marker in the lentiviral vector (fluorescent protein or antibiotic resistance), along with qPCR for target gene expression can help in determining efficacy of transduction and shRNA on its target site.

Short hairpin or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) is artificial RNA, which has a hairpin loop structure, and uses inherent microRNA (miRNA) machinery to silence target gene expression. This is called RNA interference (RNAi). These can be delivered via plasmids or viral/bacterial vectors. Challenges in shRNA-mediated gene silencing include 1. Off-target silencing, 2. Packaging shRNA encoding lentivirus, and 3. Stable transduction in cells. RNAi has been designed to have anywhere from 19-27 bs, but the most effective design has 19 bp. In case commercial shRNAs are not available, potential target sites can be chosen within exon, 5’- or 3’ UTR, depending on which splice variants of the gene are desired. One should use the latest algorithms and choose at least two different sequences, targeting different regions, in order to have confidence in overcoming off-target effects. A BLAST search after selecting potential design will eliminate potential off-target sequences. For the second challenge, sequencing the vector using primers for either strand (50-100 bp upstream) is suggested, along with using enzymatic digestion on agarose gel for the vector. Next, once the shRNA-containing vector is packaged in a virus, it is important to check the viral titer before transduction. Finally, using a marker in the lentiviral vector (fluorescent protein or antibiotic resistance), along with qPCR for target gene expression can help in determining the efficacy of transduction and shRNA on its target site.