Protein Expression Prokaryotic cells B. bifidum

A gross majority of classical apoptotic attributes can be quantitatively examined by flow cytometry, the preferred platform for rapid assessment of multiple cellular attributes at a single-cell level. However, sample preparation for such flow cytometry-based techniques could be challenging. Cell harvesting by trypsinization, mechanical or enzymatic cell disaggregation from tissues, extensive centrifugation steps, may all lead to preferential loss of apoptotic cells. To overcome this strictly follow manufacturers instruction of the detection kit.

As autophagy is a multi-step process which includes not just the formation of autophagosomes, but most importantly, flux through the entire system, including the degradation upon fusion with lysosomes, which makes it quite challenging for detection. There are several methods for detection in mammalian cells, including immunoblotting analysis of LC3 and p62 and detection of autophagosome formation/maturation by fluorescence microscopy, Currently, there is no single “gold standard” for determining the autophagic activity that is applicable in every experimental context, hence it is recommended to go for the combined use of multiple methods to accurately assess the autophagic activity in any given biological setting.

Get tips on using LIVE/DEAD™ Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit, for mammalian cells to perform Live / Dead assay mammalian cells - MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

Get tips on using Senescence Cells Histochemical Staining Kit to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - CHO

Get tips on using Senescence Cells Histochemical Staining Kit to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - Hep3B

Get tips on using Senescence Cells Histochemical Staining Kit to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - HepG2

Get tips on using Senescence Cells Histochemical Staining Kit to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - A549

Get tips on using Nucleofector™ Kits for Human T Cells to perform DNA transfection Mammalian cells - Immortalized cell lines iPSC

Get tips on using LIVE/DEAD™ Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit, for mammalian cells to perform Live / Dead assay mammalian cells - MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells

As autophagy is a multi-step process which includes not just the formation of autophagosomes, but most importantly, flux through the entire system, including the degradation upon fusion with lysosomes, which makes it quite challenging for detection. There are several methods for detection in mammalian cells, including immunoblotting analysis of LC3 and p62 and detection of autophagosome formation/maturation by fluorescence microscopy, Currently, there is no single “gold standard” for determining the autophagic activity that is applicable in every experimental context, hence it is recommended to go for the combined use of multiple methods to accurately assess the autophagic activity in any given biological setting.