Immunofluorscence  phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) Mouse

Get tips on using Corning® 1L DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium)/F12 50:50 Mix to perform 3D Cell Culture Media Mouse fallopian organoids

Get tips on using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® to perform RNA sequencing Mouse - ESCs (Embryonic Stem Cells)

Get tips on using LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit, for UV excitation to perform Live / Dead assay mammalian cells - mouse iPSC

Get tips on using LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit, for UV excitation to perform Live / Dead assay mammalian cells - mouse splenocytes

Get tips on using "Illumina ™ TotalPrep ™ RNA Amplification Kit + Bio-16-UTP (10 mM) to perform Microarray RNA amplification & Labeling - Mouse cochlaea Biotin

Get tips on using CD274 (PD-L1, B7-H1) Monoclonal Antibody (MIH5), PE-Cyanine7, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD274/PD-L1

Get tips on using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® to perform RNA sequencing Mouse - Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)

Get tips on using MHC Class II (I-A/I-E) Monoclonal Antibody (M5/114.15.2), FITC, eBioscience™ to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - MHCII

Cell cytotoxicity assays measure the ability of certain compounds or chemical mediators to reduce the viability of the cells. The term cell cytotoxicity assay can sometimes be used interchangeably with cell proliferation assay. Healthy living cells can be identified by the use of formazan dyes, protease biomarkers or by measuring ATP content. The formazan dyes are chromogenic products formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reductases that are released during cell death. Common tetrazolium salts include INT, MTT, MTS and XTT. Cell cytotoxicity can also be measured by using the SRB and WST-1 assays. These assays can usually be used in a high-throughput fashion and can be quantitated by measuring absorbance, colorimetry or luminescence. All these assays require similar numbers of cell plating at the initiation, a time course of treatment with the cytotoxic agent and at least triplicates for each condition at every point of analysis. Cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cell detachment, externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear condensation and ultimately DNA fragmentation are well-described features of apoptosis. The assays that rely on cell membrane integrity for their function, may not be able to quantify early apoptosis. Therefore, in order to distinguish early apoptotic vs. late apoptotic or necrotic cells, additional flow cytometry techniques can be used. A combination of Annexin V and PI (propidium iodide) can be used to distinguish early (Annexin V+/PI-) and late apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI+) cells. Sometimes, caspase assays are used in order to differentiate the stages of apoptosis.

Cell cytotoxicity assays measure the ability of certain compounds or chemical mediators to reduce the viability of the cells. The term cell cytotoxicity assay can sometimes be used interchangeably with cell proliferation assay. Healthy living cells can be identified by the use of formazan dyes, protease biomarkers or by measuring ATP content. The formazan dyes are chromogenic products formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reductases that are released during cell death. Common tetrazolium salts include INT, MTT, MTS and XTT. Cell cytotoxicity can also be measured by using the SRB and WST-1 assays. These assays can usually be used in a high-throughput fashion and can be quantitated by measuring absorbance, colorimetry or luminescence. All these assays require similar numbers of cell plating at the initiation, a time course of treatment with the cytotoxic agent and at least triplicates for each condition at every point of analysis. Cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cell detachment, externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear condensation and ultimately DNA fragmentation are well-described features of apoptosis. The assays that rely on cell membrane integrity for their function, may not be able to quantify early apoptosis. Therefore, in order to distinguish early apoptotic vs. late apoptotic or necrotic cells, additional flow cytometry techniques can be used. A combination of Annexin V and PI (propidium iodide) can be used to distinguish early (Annexin V+/PI-) and late apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI+) cells. Sometimes, caspase assays are used in order to differentiate the stages of apoptosis.