A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. A quantitative, real-time PCR reaction typically includes all of that plus a probe that can be detected fluorescently as the reaction runs, with no gel required. for detection. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.
Get tips on using CytoSelect™ 24-Well Cell Migration and Invasion Assay Combo Kit, 8 µm to perform Cell migration / Invasion cell type - BRO
Get tips on using CytoSelect™ 24-Well Cell Migration and Invasion Assay Combo Kit, 8 µm to perform Cell migration / Invasion cell type - LNCaP
DNA-protein interactions are studied by using ChIP. The basic steps in this technique are crosslinking, sonication, immunoprecipitation, and analysis of the immunoprecipitated DNA. During ChIP, if chromatin is under-fragmented or fragments are too large which can lead to the increased background and lower resolution. Shorter cross-linking times (5-10 min) and/or lower formaldehyde concentrations (<1%) may improve shearing efficiency. If Chromatin is over-fragmented, then optimize shearing conditions for each cell type to improve ChIP efficiency. Over-sonication of chromatin may disrupt chromatin integrity and denature antibody epitopes. If you do not see any product or very little product in the input PCR reactions, add 5–10 μg chromatin per IP.
Get tips on using CytoSelect™ 24-Well Cell Migration and Invasion Assay Combo Kit, 8 µm to perform Cell migration / Invasion cell type - PC-3
Get tips on using CytoSelect™ 24-Well Cell Migration and Invasion Assay Combo Kit, 8 µm to perform Cell migration / Invasion cell type - SK-MEL-1
Get tips on using Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination Kit (SET- RPLA) to perform Cell Culture Contamination Detection Kit Bacteria
Get tips on using Corning® 500 mL SF Medium, [+] L-glutamine and 1 g/L BSA to perform Stem cell culture media Ovarian cancer stem cells (Caov3, 3AO, SKOV3)
Get tips on using TaqPath™ BactoPure™ Microbial Detection Master Mix, no Rox to perform Cell Culture Contamination Detection Kit Bacteria
A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. Multiplexing such a reaction amplifies the design challenges where one target requires 3 primers, which should be exclusively bound nowhere in the template DNA or to each other. Similarly, two targets require 6, three require 9, and so on. Each amplicon needs to be either a different size (for gels) or labeled with a different fluorescent tag that is spectrally distinct from the others in the reaction. Further complicating this, different targets in the reaction can compete with each other for resources and causes more challenges in the detection of amplicons. However, with proper primer designing, their validation, optimize quality and concentration of the enzyme and buffers certainly lead to a successful multiplex PCR reaction.
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