Immunohistochemistry CD31 Rat Mouse

RNA quantification for appropriate concentration and quality (260/280 ratio) is an important step before downstream analysis (including sequencing, RT-qPCR, etc.). Having insufficient RNA quantities or a high salt or phenol in the RNA product can lead to variable or irreproducible downstream results. The various methods used for RNA quantification include: 1. UV spectrophotometric (challenges include: low sensitivity, cannot distinguish between nucleic acid species), 2. Fluorescence-based (challenges include: requires standards, cannot measure amplifiability, not sequence-specific), and 3. RT-PCR (challenges include: requires standards, time-intensive, costly). In order to overcome these challenges, and also to ensure the proper quantification and quality control for RNA product, it is important to use at least two or more methods in order to discard any inconsistencies. Using standards for calibrations increases the sensitivity range for RNA detention (fluorescence- and RT-PCR-based methods). When using RT- PCR, it is important to choose correct primers, aligning to the desired site on the template and of appropriate product length, along with positive, negative and loading controls. It is also important to have at least two primer pairs in order to confirm results.

Get tips on using MouseTRAP™ (TRAcP 5b) ELISA to perform Acid phosphatase assay cell type - murine macrophage cells

Get tips on using TRI Reagent® to perform Protein isolation Mammalian cells - Mouse_Brown fat

Gene silencing through the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a primary tool for identifying disease-causing genes. There are several aspects for preparing and delivering effective siRNA to knockdown a target gene. The length of siRNA should be 21–23nt long with G/C content 30–50%. If a validated siRNA sequence for your target gene is not available, use siRNA generated against the entire target gene ORF. Always work with two or three different siRNA constructs to get reliable results. If you are not sure how much siRNA to use for a given experiment, start with a transfection concentration of 10-50 nM and use siRNA-specific transfection reagent to ensure efficient siRNA delivery in a wide range of cells.

Protein isolation is a technique that involves isolation and/ or purification of protein from cells or tissues via chromatography or electrophoresis. The major challenges in protein isolation include: 1. The concentration of proteins in cells is variable and tends to be small for some intracellular proteins. Unlike nucleic acids, proteins cannot be amplified. 2. Proteins are more unstable than nucleic acids. They are easily denatured under suboptimal temperature, pH or salt concentrations. 3. Finally, no generalized technique/protocol can be applied for protein isolation. Proteins may have different electrostatic (number of positively or negatively charged amino acids) or hydrophobic properties. Therefore, protein purification requires multiple steps depending on their charge (a negatively charged resin/column for positively charged proteins and vice-versa), dissolution (using detergents) and unlike in the case of DNA and RNA, instead of using salts, proteins should be isolated by isoelectric precipitation.

Get tips on using Mem-PER™ Plus Membrane Protein Extraction Kit to perform Protein isolation Mammalian cells - Mouse_Brown fat

Get tips on using Ras (D2C1) Rabbit mAb #8955 to perform Western blotting Ras

Get tips on using RIPA Buffer to perform Protein isolation Mammalian cells - Rat_Liver

Get tips on using RIPA Buffer to perform Protein isolation Mammalian cells - Rat_Circumvallate papillae

Get tips on using RIPA Buffer (10X) to perform Protein isolation Mammalian cells - Rat_Renal tissue