CRISPR Hamster Deletion CHO-K1

Get tips on using Mono-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys27) (D3R8N) Rabbit mAb #84932 to perform ChIP Anti-bodies H3K27me1

Get tips on using Di-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) (C64G9) Rabbit mAb #9725 to perform ChIP Anti-bodies H3K4me2

Get tips on using jetPEI® DNA transfection, HTS application to perform DNA transfection Mammalian cells - Immortalized cell lines Chang Liver cells

Get tips on using Di-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys27) (D18C8) XP® Rabbit mAb #9728 to perform ChIP Anti-bodies H3K27me2

Get tips on using Mono-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) (D1A9) XP® Rabbit mAb #5326 to perform ChIP Anti-bodies H3K4me1

Get tips on using Flp-In™ T-REx™ 293 Cell Line to perform Protein expression and purification Mammalian cells - HeLa ChaC1

Get tips on using DYKDDDDK Tag (D6W5B) Rabbit mAb (Binds to same epitope as Sigma's Anti-FLAG® M2 Antibody) #14793 to perform ChIP Anti-bodies FLAG

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. The resulting amplicons are generally detected by gel electrophoresis and for some further applications like cloning, sequencing, amplicon product needs to be recovered from the gel and subsequently purified. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up make gel extraction difficult. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. The resulting amplicons are generally detected by gel electrophoresis and for some further applications like cloning, sequencing, amplicon product needs to be recovered from the gel and subsequently purified. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up make gel extraction difficult. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.