siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Rat Cardiomyocyte (H9C2) HIF-1α

Cell Invasion or Cell Migration assays are technically challenging to set up as the gradient between the two compartments equilibrates in time during the assay. It is also problematic to view cells and for cells to migrate through a non-physiologic polycarbonate or polypropylene filter. Care must be taken while loading the well with cells to form a single cell suspension. Precaution must be taken while trypsinization (under-trypsinization can lead to cell clumping while over-trypsinization could strip off adhesion molecules necessary for migration). This leads to difficulty in getting significant results, when only small numbers of cells cross the filter or when the distribution and/or staining of the cells is uneven.

In ChIP, the most vital step is the binding of an antibody and choosing the right antibody. The binding affinity of different types of immunoglobulins to protein A or G differs significantly. Henceforth, it is recommended to choose either protein A or protein G coated beads. If you do not see any product in the positive control, add 5–10 μg of chromatin and 1–5 μg of antibody to each IP reaction and incubate with antibody overnight and an additional 2 hr after adding Protein G/A beads. If no product is observed in the experimental sample, add more DNA to the PCR reaction or increase the number of amplification cycles. Furthermore, if you have any problem with antibodies, make sure to use the ChIP-validated antibody.

Get tips on using lentiCRISPR to perform CRISPR Mouse - Deletion RAW 264.7 Tfeb

As autophagy is a multi-step process which includes not just the formation of autophagosomes, but most importantly, flux through the entire system, including the degradation upon fusion with lysosomes, which makes it quite challenging for detection. There are several methods for detection in mammalian cells, including immunoblotting analysis of LC3 and p62 and detection of autophagosome formation/maturation by fluorescence microscopy, Currently, there is no single “gold standard” for determining the autophagic activity that is applicable in every experimental context, hence it is recommended to go for the combined use of multiple methods to accurately assess the autophagic activity in any given biological setting.

Get tips on using TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit to perform DNA isolation / purification Tissue - bone