rna-isolation-purification-cells-primary-human-carotid-artery-endothelial-cells

Transfection is a powerful technique that enables the study of the function of genes and gene products in cells. Based on the nature of experiments, we may need a stable DNA transfection in cells for persistent gain-of-function or loss-of-function of the target gene. For stable transfection, integration of a DNA vector into the chromosome is crucial which requires selective screening and clonal isolation. By carefully selecting a viral delivery system and related reagents we can ensure safe and highly-efficient delivery of expression constructs for high-level constitutive or inducible expression in any mammalian cell type.

Get tips on using TRIzol Reagent to perform RNA isolation / purification Cells - primary human chondrocytes - rheumatoid arthritis

Get tips on using TRIzol Reagent to perform RNA isolation / purification Cells - primary human preadipocytes

Get tips on using TRIzol Reagent to perform RNA isolation / purification Cells - primary human chondrocytes

Get tips on using TRIzol Reagent to perform RNA isolation / purification Cells - primary human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells

Get tips on using TRIzol Reagent to perform RNA isolation / purification Cells - primary human hair follicle dermal papilla cells

Get tips on using TRI Reagent® Sigma to perform RNA isolation / purification Cells - primary human bronchial epithelial cells

Protein isolation is a technique that involves isolation and/ or purification of protein from cells or tissues via chromatography or electrophoresis. The major challenges in protein isolation include: 1. The concentration of proteins in cells is variable and tends to be small for some intracellular proteins. Unlike nucleic acids, proteins cannot be amplified. 2. Proteins are more unstable than nucleic acids. They are easily denatured under suboptimal temperature, pH or salt concentrations. 3. Finally, no generalized technique/protocol can be applied for protein isolation. Proteins may have different electrostatic (number of positively or negatively charged amino acids) or hydrophobic properties. Therefore, protein purification requires multiple steps depending on their charge (a negatively charged resin/column for positively charged proteins and vice-versa), dissolution (using detergents) and unlike in the case of DNA and RNA, instead of using salts, proteins should be isolated by isoelectric precipitation.

Get tips on using RNeasy Mini Kit to perform RNA isolation / purification Cells - primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells

Microarrays enable researchers to monitor the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. However, the sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and reproducibility are major challenges for this technology. Cross-hybridization, combination with splice variants, is a prime source for the discrepancies in differential gene expression calls among various microarray platforms. Removing (either from production or downstream bioinformatic analysis) and/or redesigning the microarray probes prone to cross-hybridization is a reasonable strategy to increase the hybridization specificity and hence, the accuracy of the microarray measurements.