Site Directed Mutagenesis (SDM) Dog Point mutation MDCK

Get tips on using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® to perform RNA sequencing Mouse - RAW264.7

Get tips on using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® to perform RNA sequencing Mouse - Neuro 2a

Get tips on using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® to perform RNA sequencing Mouse - BV-2

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. A quantitative, real-time PCR reaction typically includes all of that plus a probe that can be detected fluorescently as the reaction runs, with no gel required. for detection. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. A quantitative, real-time PCR reaction typically includes all of that plus a probe that can be detected fluorescently as the reaction runs, with no gel required. for detection. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

Get tips on using NEBNext® Ultra™ Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® to perform RNA sequencing Mouse - Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. Multiplexing such a reaction amplifies the design challenges where one target requires 3 primers, which should be exclusively bound nowhere in the template DNA or to each other. Similarly, two targets require 6, three require 9, and so on. Each amplicon needs to be either a different size (for gels) or labeled with a different fluorescent tag that is spectrally distinct from the others in the reaction. Further complicating this, different targets in the reaction can compete with each other for resources and causes more challenges in the detection of amplicons. However, with proper primer designing, their validation, optimize quality and concentration of the enzyme and buffers certainly lead to a successful multiplex PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. Multiplexing such a reaction amplifies the design challenges where one target requires 3 primers, which should be exclusively bound nowhere in the template DNA or to each other. Similarly, two targets require 6, three require 9, and so on. Each amplicon needs to be either a different size (for gels) or labeled with a different fluorescent tag that is spectrally distinct from the others in the reaction. Further complicating this, different targets in the reaction can compete with each other for resources and causes more challenges in the detection of amplicons. However, with proper primer designing, their validation, optimize quality and concentration of the enzyme and buffers certainly lead to a successful multiplex PCR reaction.

miRNA is the inherent gene silencing machinery which can have more than one mRNA target, whereas siRNA can be designed to target a particular mRNA target. By design, both siRNA and miRNA are 20-25 nucleotides in length. The target sequence for siRNAs is usually located within the open reading frame, between 50 and 100 nucleotides downstream of the start codon. There are two ways in which cells can be transfected with desired RNAi: 1. Direct transfection (with calcium phosphate co-precipitation or cationic lipid mediated transfection using lipofectamine or oligofectamine), and 2. Making RNAi lentiviral constructs (followed by transformation and transduction). Lentiviral constructs are time consuming, but provide a more permanent expression of RNAi in the cells, and consistent gene silencing. Direct transfection of oligonucleotides provides temporary genetic suppression. Traditional methods like calcium phosphate co-precipitation have challenges like low efficiency, poor reproducibility and cell toxicity. Whereas, cationic lipid-based transfection reagents are able to overcome these challenges, along with applicability to a large variety of eukaryotic cell lines. When using oligos, the ideal concentration lies between 10-50nM for effective transfection.

miRNA is the inherent gene silencing machinery which can have more than one mRNA target, whereas siRNA can be designed to target a particular mRNA target. By design, both siRNA and miRNA are 20-25 nucleotides in length. The target sequence for siRNAs is usually located within the open reading frame, between 50 and 100 nucleotides downstream of the start codon. There are two ways in which cells can be transfected with desired RNAi: 1. Direct transfection (with calcium phosphate co-precipitation or cationic lipid mediated transfection using lipofectamine or oligofectamine), and 2. Making RNAi lentiviral constructs (followed by transformation and transduction). Lentiviral constructs are time consuming, but provide a more permanent expression of RNAi in the cells, and consistent gene silencing. Direct transfection of oligonucleotides provides temporary genetic suppression. Traditional methods like calcium phosphate co-precipitation have challenges like low efficiency, poor reproducibility and cell toxicity. Whereas, cationic lipid-based transfection reagents are able to overcome these challenges, along with applicability to a large variety of eukaryotic cell lines. When using oligos, the ideal concentration lies between 10-50nM for effective transfection.