Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - CD274/PD-L1

Flow cytometry is an immunophenotyping technique whereby sing cell suspensions are stained for either cell surface markers or intracellular proteins by fluorescently-labelled antibodies and analyzed with a flow cytometer, where fluorescently-labelled molecules are excited by the laser to emit light at varying wavelengths, which is then detected by the instrument. There are several key criteria which are required to be kept in mind while designing a flow experiment- 1. Antibody titration (optimal dilution of antibodies should be calculated in order to avoid over- or under- saturated signals for proper detection of surface and intracellular markers), 2. Precision (3 or more replicates of the sample should be used per experiment), 3. Specificity (proper isotype controls should be included in the experiment), 4. Day-to-day variability (experiments should be repeated 3 or more times to ensure consistency and avoid variability due to flow cytometer settings), 5. Antibody interaction (Fluorescence minus one or FMO should be used, which is the comparison of signals from panel minus one antibody vs. the full panel), and 6. Antibody stability (fluorescently-labelled antibodies should be stored at 4C).

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Protocol tips
7AAD (Biolegend) or Zombie Aqua Fixable Viability Kit (Biolegend) was used to exclude dead cells. For intracellular transcription factor staining, surface-stained cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience), according to the manufacturer's protocol
Protocol tips
To obtain single-cell suspensions, tumor tissues were digested by 1 mg/ml collagenase IV (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.2 mg/ml DNase I (Sigma-Aldrich) for 45 minutes at 37°C. Cells were blocked with anti-FcR (clone 2.4G2; Bio-Xcell) and then stained with antibodies against PD-L1, PD-1, CD11b, Gr1, F4/80, CD11c, CD8, CD4, Foxp3, and CD45 (BioLegend). For apoptosis assays, MDSCs were harvested, blockaded with anti-FcR, and stained with antibodies against Ly6C, CD11b, and annexin V. Samples were collected on a FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer (BD), and data were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star Inc.).
Protocol tips
For fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of brain tumor-infiltrating immune cells, mice were euthanized at the defined endpoint. Mononuclear cells in the brains were isolated as previously described and stained afterward with the respective antibodies for FACS analysis. For flow cytometry, cells were counted and incubated with Fc blocker (eBiosciences, USA) for 30 min, followed by another 30-min incubation with conjugated antibodies for extracellular markers. For intracellular cytokine detection, cells were stimulated in vitro with Cell Stimulation Cocktail (eBiosciences, USA) for 5 h at 37 °C before FACS analysis. After stimulation, cells were stained for surface markers and cytokines with Intracellular Fixation and Permeabilization Buffer Set (eBiosciences, USA). All antibodies used for these experiments were listed in Additional file 1: Table S2. Proper isotype controls and compensation controls were performed in parallel. BD Biosciences Canto II (BD Biosciences, USA) was used for flow cytometry. FlowJo software (Tree Star, USA) was used for FACS data analysis.
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