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Immunohistochemistry
Claudin-4, occludin, SOX2 and PCNA expression in BSCC and SCC tissues were evaluated from serial deparaffinized sections. Our specimens had been fixed with formalin from 24 to 48 h at room temperature and treated with routine processing as in a previous study (12). Ten 4-mm serial sections were prepared for staining and were incubated with primary antibodies for 2 h. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a Discovery Auto-Stainer with automated protocols (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc.; Roche) as previously described (13). The average number of PCNA-positive cells from case 1 to case 23 were counted in 10 random microscopic fields at 400 magnification. The SOX2 intensity was determined by qualitative assessment of three levels as weak, 1; moderate, 2; and strong, 3. We defined a diffuse staining pattern as that positively detected in almost all cancer cells but a dot-like staining pattern as that positively detected in partial and marginal cancer cells.
Western blot analysis
HSC2 cells were lysed using M-PER lysis buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). Protein determination was performed using the bicinchoninic method. A total of 40 µg protein was loaded in each lane. The total cell lysates were run on 14% SDS-polyacrylamide gels followed by western blotting using standard procedures. The proteins were transferred on to PVDF membrane. For blocking, membranes were incubated with 5% skim milk for 60 min at room temperature after protein transfer. A WesternBright Sirius kit (Advansta) was used for antibody detection, and an AE-9300 Ez capture MG (ATTO) was used for image data capture. We repeated the western blot analysis three times and the results were similar.
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