Immunofluorscence  53BP1 [H-300]

Get tips on using Rock-2 siRNA and shRNA Plasmids (h) to perform RNA sequencing Human - HT-1376 (urinary bladder cell line)

Get tips on using SNAI 1 siRNA and shRNA Plasmids (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - MDA-MB-468 SNAI 1

Get tips on using SNAI 1 siRNA and shRNA Plasmids (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - MDA-MB-231 SNAI 1

Get tips on using Phospho-SMAD2 (Ser465, Ser467) Monoclonal Antibody (H.205.4) to perform Western blotting Smad2

Get tips on using RevertAid H Minus First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit to perform AAA for reviews

Get tips on using Laminin β-2 Antibody (H-1): sc-133241 to perform Western blotting Laminin subunit Beta-2

Get tips on using Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L)-HRP Conjugate to perform Western blot Secondary Antibody - Goat Rabbit Horseradish peroxidase

Get tips on using BSK-H Medium for the cultivation of Borrelia spec. to perform Bacterial cell culture media Borrelia burgdorferi

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.

Get tips on using Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor® 568 conjugate to perform Flowcytometry Secondary Antibody - Goat Mouse Alexa Fluor 568