Immunohistochemistry ATM phospho Rabbit IgG

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality hot-start DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction

DNA isolation and purification is the first critical step in sample preparation that helps ensure optimal performance of downstream assays like PCR, microarrays, and sequencing. Failure in yielding high-quality DNA would be the major reason that DNA doesn't work for the downstream application. To circumvent this, one should follow the recommended storage conditions to minimize DNA degradation by nucleases and shouldn't overload the purification system.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. A quantitative, real-time PCR reaction typically includes all of that plus a probe that can be detected fluorescently as the reaction runs, with no gel required. for detection. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. A quantitative, real-time PCR reaction typically includes all of that plus a probe that can be detected fluorescently as the reaction runs, with no gel required. for detection. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. A quantitative, real-time PCR reaction typically includes all of that plus a probe that can be detected fluorescently as the reaction runs, with no gel required. for detection. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

A PCR reaction consists of the template DNA, two primers covering the amplification site, an enzyme, and buffers. A quantitative, real-time PCR reaction typically includes all of that plus a probe that can be detected fluorescently as the reaction runs, with no gel required. for detection. However, non-specific product amplification and primer-dimer formation during set-up are major causes of PCR failure. Nevertheless, high-quality DNA polymerase and optimize reaction buffers will certainly lead to a successful PCR reaction.

As autophagy is a multi-step process which includes not just the formation of autophagosomes, but most importantly, flux through the entire system, including the degradation upon fusion with lysosomes, which makes it quite challenging for detection. There are several methods for detection in mammalian cells, including immunoblotting analysis of LC3 and p62 and detection of autophagosome formation/maturation by fluorescence microscopy, Currently, there is no single “gold standard” for determining the autophagic activity that is applicable in every experimental context, hence it is recommended to go for the combined use of multiple methods to accurately assess the autophagic activity in any given biological setting.

DNA-protein interactions are studied by using ChIP. The basic steps in this technique are crosslinking, sonication, immunoprecipitation, and analysis of the immunoprecipitated DNA. During ChIP, if chromatin is under-fragmented or fragments are too large which can lead to the increased background and lower resolution. Shorter cross-linking times (5-10 min) and/or lower formaldehyde concentrations (<1%) may improve shearing efficiency. If Chromatin is over-fragmented, then optimize shearing conditions for each cell type to improve ChIP efficiency. Over-sonication of chromatin may disrupt chromatin integrity and denature antibody epitopes. If you do not see any product or very little product in the input PCR reactions, add 5–10 μg chromatin per IP.