DNA isolation / purification Cells Immortalized cell lines

Get tips on using DNeasy PowerLyzer Microbial Kit (50) to perform DNA isolation / purification Bacteria - Gram negative Rhodopseudomonas

Get tips on using NucleoSpin® Plasmid to perform DNA isolation / purification Bacteria - Gram negative E.coli

Get tips on using NucleoSpin® Soil to perform DNA isolation / purification Bacteria - Gram positive Lactobacillus

Get tips on using QIAamp DSP Virus Kit to perform DNA isolation / purification Tissue - blood / plasma

Get tips on using Gentra Puregene Blood Kit to perform DNA isolation / purification Tissue - blood / plasma

Get tips on using QIAGEN Genomic-tip 20/G to perform DNA isolation / purification Plants - Leaves

Get tips on using EZ1 Virus Mini Kit v2.0 (48) to perform DNA isolation / purification Viral

Get tips on using QIAamp MinElute Virus Spin Kit (50) to perform DNA isolation / purification Viral

TUNEL assay is the cell death detection method where the biochemical marker of apoptosis is DNA fragmentation. The assay involves the microscopical detection of generated DNA fragments with free 3'-hydroxyl residues. in apoptotic cells using enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) which adds biotinylated nucleotides at the site of DNA breaks. Major challenges of this method involve proper access of the enzyme which could be hampered by poor permeabilization and/or excessive fixation with cross-linking fixative (common with archival tissue). This issue can be resolved by optimizing the incubation time with Proteinase K or CytoninTM.

ROS has a very short half-lives in biological environment as they are influenced by exposure to ambient oxygen. As it is highly reactive and hard to measure care should be taken to ensure the stability of the sample during isolation, preparation, storage, and analysis.