Western blot p62/SQSTM1 Mouse IgG2b Human

Get tips on using SMS2 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (m) to perform CRISPR Mouse - Deletion C2C12 Sgms2

Get tips on using SMS1 CRISPR/Cas9 KO Plasmid (m) to perform CRISPR Mouse - Deletion C2C12 Sgms1

Get tips on using PDGF Receptor β (28E1) Rabbit mAb to perform Immunohistochemistry PDGFβR - Rabbit Mouse -NA-

Get tips on using Anti-Collagen Type II Antibody, clone 6B3 to perform Immunohistochemistry Mouse - Col II

Get tips on using β-catenin Antibody (E-5): sc-7963 to perform Immunohistochemistry Mouse - β-Catenin

Get tips on using ChIP-IT® Express Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Kits to perform ChIP Mouse - Hepa-1

Get tips on using Edit-R CRISPR-Cas9 Nuclease Expression Plasmid to perform CRISPR Mouse - Repression XylT2

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.

Get tips on using Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody - Neuronal Marker (ab18207) to perform Immunohistochemistry Mouse - TUBB3

Get tips on using Lab Vision™ Ki-67, Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to perform Immunohistochemistry Mouse - Ki67