Protein Expression Eukaryotic cells T. thermophila

Get tips on using Luminescent β-galactosidase Detection Kit II to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - mouse mesenchymal stem cells

Get tips on using Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit - Beyotime to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - HeLa cervical cancer cells

Get tips on using Imprint® Methylated DNA Quantification Kit to perform DNA methylation profiling Whole genome profiling - C2C12 mouse myoblast cells

Get tips on using β-Galactosidase Reporter Gene Staining Kit to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - HeLa cervical cancer cells

Get tips on using Luminescent β-galactosidase Detection Kit II to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - HeLa cervical cancer cells

Get tips on using ONE-Glo™ Luciferase Assay System to perform Reporter gene assay luciferase - BHK-21 baby hamster kidney cells

Get tips on using Rock-2 siRNA and shRNA Plasmids (h) to perform siRNA / RNAi /miRNA transfection Human Cells - HT-1376 ROCK2

Get tips on using SuperLight™ Dual Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay Kit to perform Reporter gene assay luciferase - HepG2 and Huh7 cells

Cell cytotoxicity assays measure the ability of certain compounds or chemical mediators to reduce the viability of the cells. The term cell cytotoxicity assay can sometimes be used interchangeably with cell proliferation assay. Healthy living cells can be identified by the use of formazan dyes, protease biomarkers or by measuring ATP content. The formazan dyes are chromogenic products formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reductases that are released during cell death. Common tetrazolium salts include INT, MTT, MTS and XTT. Cell cytotoxicity can also be measured by using the SRB and WST-1 assays. These assays can usually be used in a high-throughput fashion and can be quantitated by measuring absorbance, colorimetry or luminescence. All these assays require similar numbers of cell plating at the initiation, a time course of treatment with the cytotoxic agent and at least triplicates for each condition at every point of analysis. Cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cell detachment, externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear condensation and ultimately DNA fragmentation are well-described features of apoptosis. The assays that rely on cell membrane integrity for their function, may not be able to quantify early apoptosis. Therefore, in order to distinguish early apoptotic vs. late apoptotic or necrotic cells, additional flow cytometry techniques can be used. A combination of Annexin V and PI (propidium iodide) can be used to distinguish early (Annexin V+/PI-) and late apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI+) cells. Sometimes, caspase assays are used in order to differentiate the stages of apoptosis.

Cell cytotoxicity assays measure the ability of certain compounds or chemical mediators to reduce the viability of the cells. The term cell cytotoxicity assay can sometimes be used interchangeably with cell proliferation assay. Healthy living cells can be identified by the use of formazan dyes, protease biomarkers or by measuring ATP content. The formazan dyes are chromogenic products formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reductases that are released during cell death. Common tetrazolium salts include INT, MTT, MTS and XTT. Cell cytotoxicity can also be measured by using the SRB and WST-1 assays. These assays can usually be used in a high-throughput fashion and can be quantitated by measuring absorbance, colorimetry or luminescence. All these assays require similar numbers of cell plating at the initiation, a time course of treatment with the cytotoxic agent and at least triplicates for each condition at every point of analysis. Cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cell detachment, externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear condensation and ultimately DNA fragmentation are well-described features of apoptosis. The assays that rely on cell membrane integrity for their function, may not be able to quantify early apoptosis. Therefore, in order to distinguish early apoptotic vs. late apoptotic or necrotic cells, additional flow cytometry techniques can be used. A combination of Annexin V and PI (propidium iodide) can be used to distinguish early (Annexin V+/PI-) and late apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI+) cells. Sometimes, caspase assays are used in order to differentiate the stages of apoptosis.