Western blot

Get tips on using miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced Kit (50) to perform RNA isolation / purification Tissue - Livestock Blood / Serum / Plasma / Buffy coat

Get tips on using Quant-iT™ RiboGreen™ RNA Assay Kit to perform RNA quantification Fuorimetric - mouse blood cells

Get tips on using Zombie Aqua™ Fixable Viability Kit to perform Live / Dead assay mammalian cells - human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Get tips on using mirVana™ miRNA Isolation Kit, with phenol to perform RNA isolation / purification Tissue - Human Blood / Serum / Plasma / Buffy coat

Get tips on using EBMTM Endothelial Cell Growth Basal Medium, 500 mL to perform 3D Cell Culture Media Human blood-brain barrier organoid

Get tips on using Quant-iT™ RiboGreen™ RNA Assay Kit to perform RNA quantification Fuorimetric - human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)

Get tips on using EBMTM-2 Endothelial Cell Growth Basal Medium-2 to perform Stem cell culture media Cord blood-derived endothelial cells(hCBiPS2)

Get tips on using AmpFLSTR™ Identifiler™ Plus PCR Amplification Kit to perform Cell line authentication Human iPSC cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Get tips on using Corning® 500 mL MEM (Minimum Essential Medium) Alpha Medium to perform Stem cell culture media Cord blood-derived endothelial cells(hCBiPS2)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.