siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human Primary Human Hepatocytes

The estimation of DNA methylation level heavily depends on the complete conversion of non-methylated DNA cytosines. It is crucial to ensure complete conversion of non-methylated cytosines in DNA. Therefore, it is important to incorporate controls for bisulfite reactions, as well as to pay attention to the appearance of cytosines in non-CpG sites after sequencing, which is an indicator of incomplete conversion.

Isolating DNA from tissues and paraffin-embedded tissue samples can be challenging as double-stranded DNA is physically fragile and highly susceptible to exo- and endonucleases. The best solution is to slice the tissues into smaller pieces and make a homogenate solution (using tissue homogenizer or grinding liquid nitrogen frozen samples) in the presence of DNAse inhibitors. Further, extracting DNA from the nucleus need specific methods by combining physical, mechanical and chemical lysis approaches,

ELISA is the most commonly used method of detecting and quantifying the concentration of an antigen in an unknown sample. During the experiment, If you get a weak signal, then make sure reagents are at room temperature before starting the assay. Try increasing incubation times to ensure maximal antibody binding and amplify the signal. Secondly, if you get values above 0 in the negative control indicates a high background signal. Try to consider reducing your antibody concentration and prevent non-specific binding of antibodies by using affinity-purified antibody and suitable blocking buffers. To avoid high well to well variation, do not stack plates during incubation, no bubbles in the plate and wash wells thoroughly to avoid variation.

Get tips on using FuGENE® HD Transfection Reagent to perform DNA transfection Mammalian cells - Primary cells Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC)

Get tips on using Lipofectamine® 2000 Transfection Reagent to perform DNA transfection Mammalian cells - Primary cells Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC)

ROS has a very short half-lives in biological environment as they are influenced by exposure to ambient oxygen. As it is highly reactive and hard to measure care should be taken to ensure the stability of the sample during isolation, preparation, storage, and analysis.

Isolating RNA from tissues and paraffin-embedded tissue samples can be challenging due to cross-linking of biomolecules and fragmented nucleic acids. The best solution is to slice the tissues into smaller pieces and make a homogenate solution (using tissue homogenizer or grinding liquid nitrogen frozen samples) in presence of RNAse inhibitors. The homogenization process should be carried out on dry ice to maintain the integrity of RNA.

Get tips on using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 Ham to perform 3D Cell Culture Media Primary human breast tumors-Mammospheres