siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human Aortic smooth muscle cell

Get tips on using N-WASP siRNA (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - T47-D N-WASP

Get tips on using VEGF-D siRNA (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - Caki-2 VEGF-D

Get tips on using EPAS-1 siRNA (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - HeLa EPAS-1 Lipid

Get tips on using IL-8 siRNA (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - HUVEC IL-8 Lipid

Get tips on using pGL3-Basic Vector to perform Reporter gene assay luciferase - vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)

Get tips on using Glut1 siRNA and shRNA Plasmids (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - HT-1376 GLUT1

Get tips on using CD74 siRNA and shRNA Plasmids (h) to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - HT-1376 CD74

Get tips on using siRNA ATX-1 or ENPP2 to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - A2780 ATX-1

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.

Get tips on using Cell Death Detection ELISA to perform TUNEL assay cell type - Rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells