Immunohistochemistry Anti-mouse IgG Donkey

Get tips on using Rat/Mouse Cytochrome c Quantikine ELISA Kit to perform ELISA Mouse - Cytochrome c

Get tips on using Mouse BMP-2 PicoKine™ ELISA Kit to perform ELISA Mouse - BMP-2

Get tips on using Mouse TGF beta 1 ELISA Kit (ab119557) to perform ELISA Mouse - TGF-beta 1

Get tips on using Mouse IL-1 beta ELISA Kit (ab100704) to perform ELISA Mouse - IL-1 beta

Get tips on using Mouse ICAM-1/CD54 Quantikine ELISA Kit to perform ELISA Mouse - ICAM-1/CD54

Get tips on using Mouse Serpin E1/PAI-1 DuoSet ELISA to perform ELISA Mouse - Serpin E1/PAI-1

Get tips on using Mouse C-Reactive Protein/CRP DuoSet ELISA to perform ELISA Mouse - C-Reactive Protein/CRP

Get tips on using SurePrint G3 Mouse GE 8x60K Microarray Kit to perform Microarray Comperative genomic hybridization - Mouse iPSC

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Stat5b (20851) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - FL83B Stat5b