Immunohistochemistry Collagen Type I Goat

Get tips on using QCM ECMatrix Cell Invasion Assay, 24-well (8 µm), fluorimetric to perform Cell migration / Invasion cell type - PC-3

Get tips on using QCM ECMatrix Cell Invasion Assay, 24-well (8 µm), fluorimetric to perform Cell migration / Invasion cell type - SH-SY5Y

Get tips on using ROS-ID® Total ROS detection kit to perform ROS assay cell type - human umbelical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)

Get tips on using ROS-ID® Total ROS/Superoxide detection kit to perform ROS assay cell type - PANC-, BxPC-3 human pancreas

Get tips on using OxiSelect™ Intracellular ROS Assay Kit (Green Fluorescence) to perform ROS assay cell type - PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma

Get tips on using ROS-ID® Total ROS/Superoxide detection kit to perform ROS assay cell type - PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma

Get tips on using In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, TMR red to perform TUNEL assay cell type - HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells

Get tips on using ApopTag® Peroxidase In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit to perform TUNEL assay cell type - FaDu human squamous cell carcinoma

Get tips on using CytoSelect™ 24-Well Cell Migration Assay, 3 µm to perform Cell migration / Invasion cell type - isolated human neutrophils

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is defined as a protein that recognizes a specific, short nucleotide sequence and cuts the DNA only at or near that site, known as restriction site or target sequence. The four most common types of restriction enzymes include: Type I (cleaves at sites remote from a recognition site), Type II (cleaves within or at short specific distances from a recognition site), Type III (cleave at sites a short distance from a recognition site), and Type IV (targets modified DNA- methylated, hydroxymethylated and glucosyl-hydroxymethylated DNA). The most common challenges with restriction digest include- 1. inactivation of the enzyme, 2. incomplete or no digestion, and 3. unexpected cleavage. The enzyme should always be stored at -20C and multiple freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided in order to maintain optimal activity. Always use a control DNA digestion with the enzyme to ensure adequate activity (to avoid interference due to high glycerol in the enzyme). For complete digestion, make sure that the enzyme volume is 1/10th of the total reaction volume, the optimal temperature is constantly maintained throughout the reaction, the total reaction time is appropriately calculated based on the amount of DNA to be digested, appropriate buffers should be used to ensure maximal enzymatic activity, and in case of a double digest, make sure that the two restriction sites are far enough so that the activity of one enzyme cannot interfere with the activity of the other. Star activity (or off-target cleavage) and incomplete cleavage are potential challenges which may occur due to suboptimal enzymatic conditions or inappropriate enzyme storage. To avoid these, follow the recommended guidelines for storage and reactions, and always check for the efficacy of digestion along with purification of digested products on an agarose gel.