siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human siRNA negative control

Get tips on using pGL3-Basic Vector to perform Reporter gene assay luciferase - human embryonic stem cells

Get tips on using Human Genome CGH Microarray Kit 244A to perform Microarray Comperative genomic hybridization - Human SH-SY5Y

Get tips on using Human Genome CGH Microarray Kit, 4x44K to perform Microarray Comperative genomic hybridization - Human Breast tumors

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.

Get tips on using Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit - Cell Signaling to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - human MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells)

Get tips on using Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit - Cell Signaling to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - MCF-7 human breast cancer

Get tips on using Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit - Cell Signaling to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - NHEK normal human epidermal keratinocytes

Get tips on using Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit - Cell Signaling to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells

Get tips on using Quick Amp Labeling Kit-one color to perform RNA amplification & labeling Mammalian - miRNA, Human Endometrial Stromal cells Cyanine 3-pCp

Transfection is a powerful technique that enables the study of the function of genes and gene products in cells. Based on the nature of experiments, we may need a stable DNA transfection in cells for persistent gain-of-function or loss-of-function of the target gene. For stable transfection, integration of a DNA vector into the chromosome is crucial which requires selective screening and clonal isolation. By carefully selecting a viral delivery system and related reagents we can ensure safe and highly-efficient delivery of expression constructs for high-level constitutive or inducible expression in any mammalian cell type.