Site Directed Mutagenesis (SDM) Human Deletion MCF-7

Get tips on using heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - PC3 (human prostate cancer cell line) HSPA5 (GRP78)

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Sphk1 (20698) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MC3T3-E1 SphK1

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Hspa5 (14828) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MC3T3-E1 Grp78/Hspa5

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Mapk1 (26413) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MC3T3-E1 MAPK1 (ERK2)

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Mapk14 (26416) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MC3T3-E1 p38/Mapk14

Get tips on using EMBacY#6 to perform Protein Expression Eukaryotic cells - Hi5 mCSF1

Get tips on using Stealth siRNA_GATA2 to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Human - LAD2 GATA2

Get tips on using PowerPlex® 18D System to perform Cell line authentication Human iPSC cells derived from human dermal fibroblasts

Cell cytotoxicity assays measure the ability of certain compounds or chemical mediators to reduce the viability of the cells. The term cell cytotoxicity assay can sometimes be used interchangeably with cell proliferation assay. Healthy living cells can be identified by the use of formazan dyes, protease biomarkers or by measuring ATP content. The formazan dyes are chromogenic products formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reductases that are released during cell death. Common tetrazolium salts include INT, MTT, MTS and XTT. Cell cytotoxicity can also be measured by using the SRB and WST-1 assays. These assays can usually be used in a high-throughput fashion and can be quantitated by measuring absorbance, colorimetry or luminescence. All these assays require similar numbers of cell plating at the initiation, a time course of treatment with the cytotoxic agent and at least triplicates for each condition at every point of analysis. Cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cell detachment, externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear condensation and ultimately DNA fragmentation are well-described features of apoptosis. The assays that rely on cell membrane integrity for their function, may not be able to quantify early apoptosis. Therefore, in order to distinguish early apoptotic vs. late apoptotic or necrotic cells, additional flow cytometry techniques can be used. A combination of Annexin V and PI (propidium iodide) can be used to distinguish early (Annexin V+/PI-) and late apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI+) cells. Sometimes, caspase assays are used in order to differentiate the stages of apoptosis.