CRISPR Mouse Deletion Neuro 2a

Get tips on using CYTO-ID® Autophagy detection kit to perform Autophagy assay cell type - Keratinocytes

Get tips on using Senescence Detection Kit - Merck to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - MDA-MB-231

Get tips on using Senescence Detection Kit I (histochemical) to perform Reporter gene assay β-galactosidase substrates - HUVEC

Get tips on using GeneBLAzer In Vivo Detection Kit to perform Reporter gene assay β-lactamase substrates - HeLa

Get tips on using Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit to perform Apoptosis assay cell type - A2780

Get tips on using Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit to perform Apoptosis assay cell type - K562

Get tips on using Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit to perform Apoptosis assay cell type - HEK293

Get tips on using Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit to perform Apoptosis assay cell type - L02

Get tips on using CYTO-ID® Autophagy detection kit to perform Autophagy assay cell type - Macrophages

Cell cytotoxicity assays measure the ability of certain compounds or chemical mediators to reduce the viability of the cells. The term cell cytotoxicity assay can sometimes be used interchangeably with cell proliferation assay. Healthy living cells can be identified by the use of formazan dyes, protease biomarkers or by measuring ATP content. The formazan dyes are chromogenic products formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenases, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reductases that are released during cell death. Common tetrazolium salts include INT, MTT, MTS and XTT. Cell cytotoxicity can also be measured by using the SRB and WST-1 assays. These assays can usually be used in a high-throughput fashion and can be quantitated by measuring absorbance, colorimetry or luminescence. All these assays require similar numbers of cell plating at the initiation, a time course of treatment with the cytotoxic agent and at least triplicates for each condition at every point of analysis. Cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cell detachment, externalization of phosphatidylserine, nuclear condensation and ultimately DNA fragmentation are well-described features of apoptosis. The assays that rely on cell membrane integrity for their function, may not be able to quantify early apoptosis. Therefore, in order to distinguish early apoptotic vs. late apoptotic or necrotic cells, additional flow cytometry techniques can be used. A combination of Annexin V and PI (propidium iodide) can be used to distinguish early (Annexin V+/PI-) and late apoptotic (Annexin V+/PI+) cells. Sometimes, caspase assays are used in order to differentiate the stages of apoptosis.