ChIP H3K27me3 Human Mouse

Get tips on using Biotin Rat Anti-Mouse Ly-6A/E to perform Flow cytometry Anti-bodies Mouse - Ly-6A-E/Sca1

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Hspa5 (14828) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MC3T3-E1 Grp78/Hspa5

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Mapk1 (26413) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MC3T3-E1 MAPK1 (ERK2)

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Mapk14 (26416) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - MC3T3-E1 p38/Mapk14

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Nr1h3 (22259) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - M210B4 LXR‐α/Nr1h3

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Nr1h2 (22260) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - M210B4 LXR‐β/Nr1h2

Get tips on using ON-TARGETplus Mouse Zbp1 (58203) siRNA - SMARTpool to perform siRNA / miRNA gene silencing Mouse - 3T3-SA Zbp1/Dai

Get tips on using Human Chitinase 3-like 1 DuoSet ELISA to perform ELISA Human - Chitinase-3-Like Protein-1 (CHI3L1) or YKL-40

Get tips on using Mouse Gene Expression v2 4x44K Microarray Kit to perform Microarray Gene expression arrays - Mouse liver tissue Cyanine-3-CTP

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been greatly used for studies on embryonic development and cell differentiation.iPSCs provide a stable source for either self-renewal or differentiation into suitable cells when cultured in a particular environment. Pluripotent cell culture was originally started by deriving cells from inner cell mass (ICM) from pre-implanted blastocysts, these were called embryonic stem cells. These cells after isolation can be grown on traditional extracellular matrices (like mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) or feeder-free culture systems. DMEM/F12 has been the most commonly used basal media in the culture of pluripotent cells. These cells are cultured at normal atmospheric oxygen levels, 21%, however, some studies have proposed that 4% oxygen tension may be better for hESC growth. Higher D-glucose concentration (4.2g/l) and osmolarity (320mOsm) that mimics the natural environment of embryonic tissue are optimal for the growth of hESCs. Supplements like N2 and/or B-27, in the presence of growth factors like bFGF, have been shown to increase pluripotency of these cells. bFGF, FGF2 and other ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases like IGF are also required or maintain self-renewal ability of these cells. TGF𝛃1, by its activation of SMAD2/3 signalling, also represses differentiation of iPSCs. Other compounds like ROCK inhibitors reduce blebbing and apoptosis in these cells to maintain their clonogenicity. However, an inhibitor for LIF (leukaemia inhibitory factor, which is one of the pluripotent genes) has an opposing effect. Therefore, it is important to understand the culture conditions and media composition that affect downstream signalling in hESCs or iPSCs that may lead to their differentiation.