PCR Preamplification of cDNA

The biggest problem in isolating RNA from gram-positive bacteria is the disruption of the cell wall. A lot of protocols employ enzymatic digestion (pretreatment) which may affect gene expression patterns of certain genes. Therefore physical disruption using beads can be a best alternative.

The biggest problem in isolating RNA from gram-positive bacteria is the disruption of the cell wall. A lot of protocols employ enzymatic digestion (pretreatment) which may affect gene expression patterns of certain genes. Therefore physical disruption using beads can be a best alternative.

The biggest problem in isolating RNA from gram-positive bacteria is the disruption of the cell wall. A lot of protocols employ enzymatic digestion (pretreatment) which may affect gene expression patterns of certain genes. Therefore physical disruption using beads can be a best alternative.

The biggest problem in isolating RNA from gram-positive bacteria is the disruption of the cell wall. A lot of protocols employ enzymatic digestion (pretreatment) which may affect gene expression patterns of certain genes. Therefore physical disruption using beads can be a best alternative.

The biggest problem in isolating RNA from gram-positive bacteria is the disruption of the cell wall. A lot of protocols employ enzymatic digestion (pretreatment) which may affect gene expression patterns of certain genes. Therefore physical disruption using beads can be a best alternative.

The biggest problem in isolating RNA from gram-positive bacteria is the disruption of the cell wall. A lot of protocols employ enzymatic digestion (pretreatment) which may affect gene expression patterns of certain genes. Therefore physical disruption using beads can be a best alternative.

The challenge in isolating RNA from S. aureus cells is the disruption of the cell wall. A lot of protocols employ enzymatic digestion (pretreatment) which may affect gene expression patterns of certain genes. Therefore physical disruption using beads is considered to be the better alternative.

A gross majority of classical apoptotic attributes can be quantitatively examined by flow cytometry, the preferred platform for rapid assessment of multiple cellular attributes at a single-cell level. However, sample preparation for such flow cytometry-based techniques could be challenging. Cell harvesting by trypsinization, mechanical or enzymatic cell disaggregation from tissues, extensive centrifugation steps, may all lead to preferential loss of apoptotic cells. To overcome this strictly follow manufacturers instruction of the detection kit.

RNA-Seq is a method to sequence RNA by applying Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The quality of RNA is critical for the success of RNA-Seq. The integrity of RNA is measured by the RNA integrity number (RIN). RIN is computed from RNA electrophoresis and electropherogram profiles (the peak area of the 28S rRNA should be approximately twice the peak area of the 18S rRNA). If you get the RIN value lower than 7, the possibility of getting the low quality of RNA-seq data is high. To get a high quality RNA, it is better to work with fresh samples or snap-freeze the tissues in liquid nitrogen as quickly as possible and store them at -80°C until further use. Make sure designated areas and all your filter tips, microfuge tubes, plastic, and glassware are RNase-free.

TUNEL assay is the cell death detection method where the biochemical marker of apoptosis is DNA fragmentation. The assay involves the microscopical detection of generated DNA fragments with free 3'-hydroxyl residues. in apoptotic cells using enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) which adds biotinylated nucleotides at the site of DNA breaks. Major challenges of this method involve proper access of the enzyme which could be hampered by poor permeabilization and/or excessive fixation with cross-linking fixative (common with archival tissue). This issue can be resolved by optimizing the incubation time with Proteinase K or CytoninTM.